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In the 16th century, Jews of central Europe began to take a keen interest in natural philosophy and the occult. The center of this interest was Prague during the reign of Rudolf II, a city home to a multiplicity of orthodoxies, and sometimes outright heterodoxy. Many of the extraordinary natural philosophers there (including Johannes Kepler and Tycho Brahe) shared a persuasion that their scholarly...
John Walsh's research on electric fish, carried out between 1772 and 1775, proved fundamental for demonstrating that electricity might be involved in animal physiology, and, moreover, in favouring a period of great progress in both the physiology and physics of electrical phenomena. However, Walsh is hardly known to modern neuroscientists and is largely neglected by science historians also. One of...
Lise Meitner was among the great physicists whose work spanned the development of atomic and nuclear physics in the 20th century. She identified herself as a physicist above all else, but she was also a 'non-Aryan' who lost nearly everything when forced out of Germany, and a woman whose success did not transfer into exile. When nuclear fission was discovered in 1938, all came together: unjust exclusion,...
Geography is a discipline with a troubling history. Its modern origins lie in the European expansionism of the 18th and 19th centuries, when it developed as the science of empire. The discipline still treads an uneasy path between scientific endeavour and derring-do, but this wasn't and still isn't the only trouble with geography; it is simply spread too thinly across a huge diversity of sub-disciplines...
Meeting: The Schimper Symposium, the Annual Conference of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland (Gesellschaft fur Okologie), Basle, Switzerland; 27-31 August 2001
Establishing nature reserves is the foundation of regional conservation strategies. The science of nature reserve design is relatively new, having emerged alongside the interdisciplinary field of conservation biology over the past three or four decades. Its goal is to apply scientific ideas and methods to the selection and design of nature reserves and to related problems, such as deciding what kinds...
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